• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to a method and device for generating electrical energy in an installation (11) associating a steam boiler (1) comprising an economizer (8), a steam generator (9), one or more superheater heat exchangers (10, 101), a steam turbine (2), vapor withdrawals (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e), and a compressed air energy storage and delivery unit (12) comprising a compression device air (4), a storage device (5) for compressed air, an air turbine (6), and a set of heat exchangers (7a, 7b, 7c). During the compression phase of the compressed air, all or part of the heat released by the compression of the air is substituted for the heat taken by the vapor extraction (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e) of the steam turbine (2), and in the expansion phase of the compressed air, it is heated by means of hot water and / or steam from the steam boiler (1).
    公开号:FR3016025A1
    申请号:FR1363693
    申请日:2013-12-30
    公开日:2015-07-03
    发明作者:Sebastien Devroe
    申请人:FIVES；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The invention relates to the combination of a compressed air energy storage unit and a thermal power station producing electricity. from a heat source. The storage of electrical energy has become a major challenge in order to participate in the stability of power grids, respond to peak demand peaks, participate in the integration of intermittent energy such as solar and wind, allow the storage of cheap energy and / or low pollution in times of low demand to return it in times of high demand, supplement in peak period of low responsive basic production means, to name a few applications. Compressed air energy storage is a means of storing energy at a time when this energy is available in surplus or at a lower cost for reuse during periods of high energy demand. The compression of the air is carried out using electric compressors then decompression allows to drive an air turbine coupled to an alternator generating electricity. Two physical effects of gas compression / decompression must be handled in a compressed air energy storage unit. On the one hand, the compression of the air produces heat and on the other hand the decompression causes the temperature of the air to drop. To have a certain energy efficiency it is therefore necessary to heat the air output of the storage to recover a volume of air at least equal to the initial volume and supply the turbine. The increase of the air temperature at the inlet of the expansion machine makes it possible to increase the energy density of the storage. The effectiveness of an autonomous compressed air energy storage system lies in its ability to retain the heat of compression to restore it during decompression, called the adiabatic system. In practice, it is difficult to obtain such a system because of the heat losses related to the effectiveness of the insulation. The rate of return is capped at 70%. Conversely, some compressed air energy storage systems remove heat from the compression stage by transferring it to the atmosphere through heat exchangers. During the decompression phase, it is then necessary to heat the air before passing it into the turbine. This so-called diabatic system is very inefficient because it requires one or more energy sources to cool the installation during compression and to heat the air during decompression.
    [0002] In a thermal power station, the production of electrical energy is made from a heat source that can come from different fuels (coal, fuel, gas ...). The combustion heats a liquid that goes into the vapor state. The steam thus produced and put under pressure is admitted into a steam turbine where its expansion causes the rotation of the wheels of a turbine. The turbine transmits mechanical energy to an alternator that transforms it into electrical energy. At the outlet of the turbine, the steam is condensed in a condenser fed by a cold source (river water, seawater, ambient air). It returns to its liquid state and this condensate is returned to the water supply system for a new vaporization cycle. To increase the efficiency of the thermal power plant, it is necessary to use different techniques to allow to lose the least energy and make the system effective. For example, there are often several stages in the turbine for different levels of vapor pressure. The steam passes through a first stage of the turbine then returns to the boiler to be superheated before crossing the second stage of the turbine. Various vapor withdrawals are provided to allow the heating of the liquid before admission to the boiler. This makes it possible to lower the fuel consumption to obtain a given temperature at the boiler outlet. Patent document CN102518480 discloses an electricity generating system consisting of an energy storage system in the form of compressed air and a coal-fired boiler for occasional use of the assembly. Although interesting, this integration has major drawbacks, including: - The air compressor needs electricity produced by other power plants on the grid. It is necessary to integrate heat storage for a delayed use in time resulting in loss of calories; - The integration of air heaters in the fumes of the boiler is complex and expensive.
    [0003] The device according to the invention provides, among other things, an answer to these difficulties and advantageously combines a compressed air energy storage unit with a thermal power station in order to optimize the efficiency of the two systems and to propose an electrical production solution. complementary during a phase shift between the electricity production of the thermal power station and the electricity consumption.
    [0004] Thus according to a first aspect, the subject of the invention is a method for generating electrical energy in an installation associating a steam boiler comprising an economizer, a steam generator, one or more superheater heat exchangers, a steam turbine, rackings. of steam, and a compressed air energy storage and return unit comprising an air compressor, a compressed air storage device, an air turbine, and a heat exchanger assembly, comprising : - a phase of compression of the air where all or part of the heat released by the compression of the air is substituted for the heat taken by the vapor extraction of the steam turbine, - a phase of relaxation of the compressed air where it is heated with hot water and / or steam from the steam boiler. According to particular embodiments of the invention, said method of generating electrical energy may have the following characteristics, alone or in combination: In the air compression phase, the heat resulting from the compression of the air is transferred to the condensates from the steam turbine by means of heat exchangers. - The compression of the air is carried out during the phases of low demand of the electrical network and during this phase all or part of the electric energy produced by the steam turbine is used by the air compressor so as to maintain in service the steam boiler and the steam turbine. - The expansion of the air is carried out during the phases of high demand of the electrical network and the overall electrical production of the installation is greater than that of the only steam turbine operating at nominal speed. - In the air expansion phase, the hot water used to heat the compressed air comes from the steam generator and / or the economizer. - In the air expansion phase, the steam used to heat the compressed air comes from one or more superheater exchangers. According to a second aspect, the invention relates to a device for generating electrical energy according to the method as described above in an installation comprising in combination: - a steam boiler comprising an economizer, a steam generator, one or more superheater exchangers, a steam turbine, vapor withdrawals, - a compressed air energy storage and return unit comprising an air compression device, a compressed air storage device, an air turbine and a set of heat exchangers, - all the water and / or steam samples are taken by means of connections located outside the steam generator and the steam turbine without requiring the addition of an exchanger. the steam generator and / or additional stitching in the steam turbine.
    [0005] According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the electrical energy generation device comprises a steam boiler sized to supply the steam turbine in a nominal manner and to provide the calories necessary for heating the compressed air in the heat exchangers. The features and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example, and not by way of limitation, with reference to the following appended figures: FIG. 1 schematically represents the operation of a central thermal device according to the prior art. - Figure 2 shows schematically the combination of a compressed air energy storage unit and a thermal power plant according to the invention, in the compression phase. FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 schematically represent exemplary embodiments of said association according to the invention, in the decompression phase. According to the prior art, a thermal power plant uses a steam boiler 1 heated by a heat source (not shown) coming from fuel to circulate a closed circuit L of liquid passing from the liquid state to the vapor state under the effect of heat. The liquid used is usually water or a water-based solution. The liquid is heated by first crossing the boiler to be collected by the steam generator 9, or boiler balloon, inside the boiler 1. The steam generator 9 is also supplied with hot liquid by the economizer 8 (ECO) located at the outlet of the boiler 1. In the steam generator 9, the liquid changes to the vapor state. This steam will then pass through three superheater exchangers 10, a low temperature superheater exchanger (LTS), a medium temperature superheater exchanger (MTS) and a high temperature superheater exchanger (HTS). These superheater heat exchangers 10 successively increase the temperature of the steam before it is directed towards the steam turbine 2. The turbine 2 comprises, for example, 3 stages with a high pressure stage (HP), an intermediate pressure stage ( IP) and a low pressure stage (LP). At first, the steam is expanded in the first high pressure stage HP of the turbine 2. The steam having lost part of its temperature is returned to the boiler 1 to be heated through two heat exchangers 101, a heat exchanger Low temperature reheater (LTR) and a high temperature reheat heat exchanger (HTR). After being reheated, the steam is expanded in the two stages of intermediate pressure (IP) and low pressure (LP) of the turbine 2. The turbine 2, by its rotation, drives the alternator 21a to produce electricity . At the outlet of the turbine 2, the steam is channeled to a condenser 22. This is fed by a liquid in a closed circuit (not shown) for cooling the vapor to liquefaction. The liquid, or condensate, is then returned by hydraulic pumps 221 to the boiler 1 to start a new cycle. However, in order to obtain a hot liquid at the boiler inlet 1 more rapidly, the liquid coming from the condenser 22 is heated by means of vapor withdrawals 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d and 3e at the different stages of the turbine 2. This steam extracted is directed to heat exchangers, or heaters 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d and 31e, wherein the liquid from the condenser 22 is heated in contact with the extracted steam. The steam extracted from the draws condenses in the heaters 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d and 31e in contact with the cooler liquid from the condenser 22 and is mixed with the same liquid. The liquid is then directed to the economizer 8 in the boiler 1 to restart a complete heating cycle. According to the invention in FIG. 2, a device 12 for storing and restoring energy by compression of air is associated with a thermal power station forming an installation 11. The storage device is composed of an electric air compressor, generally multi-stage (4a, 4b and 4c in the illustrations), which compresses the ambient air to store it in one or tanks 5. The tank or reservoirs may be, for example, underground cavities, tanks, tubes, or submarine tanks. Heat exchangers 7a, 7b and 7c are each positioned after each stage of the air compressor. In the energy recovery phase, an air turbine can convert the mechanical energy produced during the expansion of the compressed air. The air turbine generally consists of several stages: 6a, 6b and 6c in the exemplary embodiment. The air compressor 4 and the air turbine 6 can be the same equipment with both functions or be two separate equipment.
    [0006] In an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of the invention, the air is stored at a pressure of the order of 120 bars. In order to reach this pressure, the air compressor comprises three stages, each stage making it possible to multiply the pressure by about five. At each compression step, the temperature of the compressed air increases. For example, a volume of air at a temperature of 20 ° C. and at a pressure of 1 bar reaches a temperature of the order of 200-230 ° C. (depending on the efficiency of the compressor) during its compression at 5 bars. However, given the current limits of industrial compressors in terms of temperature, compression without cooling does not easily achieve these pressure levels which necessarily limit the storage levels. Cooling during compression increases the pressure.
    [0007] In the advantageous embodiment of the invention, the heat emitted by the compression of the air is used to heat the liquid coming from the condenser 22 of the thermal power station by reducing the flow rate of withdrawal of the steam turbine. This heat exchange will also reduce the temperature of the compressed air. In the energy storage phase, the ambient air is compressed by means of the three-stage air compressor 4a, 4b and 4c. The compressed air that has become very hot after each compression step passes through heat exchangers 7a, 7b and 7c. The liquid which makes it possible to cool the air passing through the heat exchangers 7a, 7b and 7c, is the liquid or condensate coming from the condenser 22. At the outlet of the condenser 22, part of the condensed liquid or condensate is sent by one or more hydraulic pumps 221 to the heat exchangers 7a, 7b and 7c. The distribution of the condensate to the heat exchangers 7a, 7b and 7c is preferably done in parallel in order to have a low inlet temperature for each heat exchanger.
    [0008] A heat exchange occurs in the heat exchangers between the hot air that heats the liquid and the liquid that cools the compressed air. This method makes it possible to limit the maximum temperature reached by the compressed air and to start the compression in the next stage of the compressor at an effective temperature level for the stage concerned of the air compressor 4. After each cooling, the air is compressed again in the next stage of the air compressor 4 until its storage in a tank 5 adapted to the pressures reached. For its part, the heated liquid, represented in FIG. 2 by the letter A, is reintroduced at the inlet of a first heater 31a towards the economizer 8 of the steam boiler 1 to continue its heating cycle. This configuration makes it possible to substitute all or part of the heat taken from the different stages of the steam turbine 2 by the heat released by the compression of the air of the energy storage unit by compressed air. Steam withdrawals 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d and 3e are more or less closed and the flow of steam through the turbine is greater, increasing its mechanical power.
    [0009] In the energy recovery phase according to the invention, shown schematically in Figure 3, the cold air extracted from the tank 5 passes through a first heat exchanger 7c to be heated. The calorific vector B of the heat exchangers 7a, 7b and 7c is here steam and / or hot liquid taken from the boiler 1. According to various embodiments, the heat samples are made at a temperature compatible with the temperature air at the inlet of the turbine. Thus, advantageously the heat can be taken at the output of the economizer 8 at the output superheater 10 High HTS, Medium MTS or low pressure LTS. It is also possible to take this heat in the descents of water of a subcritical boiler with natural circulation or controlled circulation. The compressed air thus heated is then expanded in an air turbine 6. In the example illustrated in FIG. 3, the air turbine consists of three stages 6a, 6b and 6c. The expansion being generally performed with a factor of up to five, the air at the outlet of the first stage of the air turbine 6a is still compressed and has greatly cooled during expansion. To mitigate this drop in temperature, the air is again passed through a second heat exchanger 7b which transfers heat supplied by steam, and / or hot liquid, taken from the boiler 1. The air once again reheated tablet is then relaxed in the second stage of the air turbine 6b. The process is extended for the last stage of the air turbine 6c. The steps of heating the compressed air and then relaxing in an air turbine are renewed until exhaust air at atmospheric pressure. The stages 6a, 6b, 6c of the air turbine are adapted to each level of pressure of compressed air to arrive at an optimal output of the electrical output delivered by a secondary generator 21b. The liquid, and / or the condensed vapor, taken from the boiler during the energy recovery phase, which was used to heat the compressed air through the heat exchangers 7a, 7b and 7c, is reintroduced preferentially into the circuit. between heaters 31e and 31d, the first that follow the condenser 22. The heat exchangers 7a, 7b and 7c can be distinct between the compression phase and the decompression phase. Indeed, the heat exchangers 7a, 7b, 7c may have unique flow directions and different characteristics depending on the gases or fluids passing through them.
    [0010] The combination of these two systems according to the invention finds its meaning when we know the difficulties of adaptation of electricity production to the power consumption and the inertia of different types of power plants. When the electricity consumption of the users of the electricity network decreases, the compressed air energy storage unit can store the excess electricity produced while participating favorably in the operation of the thermal power station. All or part of the electrical output of the steam turbine 2 is used by the compressor to store the energy. Conversely, during a peak power consumption greater than the power generation capacity of the thermal power plant, the energy storage unit can make available the energy previously stored. The thermal power plant is involved in optimizing the performance of the energy storage unit by heating the compressed air extracted from the reservoir (s) with the various usable vectors (vapor, liquid). 5. The air thus warmed and relaxed. in a gas turbine in turn can produce electricity. The operators of thermal power plants can thus regulate the electricity production by storing or releasing stored energy according to the demand for electricity consumption of the users.
    [0011] According to an exemplary implementation of the nonlimiting invention, an installation 11 comprising a thermal power plant consuming 1183 megawatts (MW) per hour and having a yield of 43.1%, ie an electricity production of 510 MW, is combined with a compressed air energy storage unit 12 consuming 52 MW and able to restore 100 MW of electricity for 5 hours. Said storage unit 12 also produces heat in the compression phase of 58 MW which is sent and exchanged with the thermal power station by a hydraulic pump 221 consuming 310 kW. In the compression phase, the storage unit 12 uses the electricity produced by the turbine 2 to compress the air and store it. The heat released is exchanged with the condensate of the plant through the heat exchangers 7a, 7b and 7c. As this heat is not produced by the boiler, the consumption of the boiler of the thermal power station is reduced by 58 MW. This exchange also reduces steam tapping on the steam turbine 2 giving a surplus production to the turbine of 11 MW. When the surplus generated by the turbine 2 is subtracted from the consumption of the storage unit 12 and the consumption of the pump 221 is added, a consumption balance of 42 MVV / h is obtained for the storage unit 12. 'energy. In this compression phase, the usable electricity production of the thermal power station is 468 MW, which is a 41.6% yield compared to energy consumption.
    [0012] In the destocking phase of energy, it is necessary to increase the consumption of the boiler by 160 MW to compensate for the heat used during the decompression of the air from the energy storage unit 12. The power output of the power plant combined with the return of the storage unit is 610 MW, a 45.5% efficiency compared to the energy consumption.
    [0013] In a non-limiting example of a 24-hour period decomposed into 4 hours of normal electrical production followed by 15 hours of electrical production and storage of energy and 5 hours of electrical generation and energy destocking, the installation 11 consumes an average of 1180 MW and produces an average of 505 MW, a yield of 42.8%. The installation 11 allows a better flexibility in the management of the electrical production while maintaining optimum efficiency. In the example given, the installation 11 can provide a production surplus of 100 MW for 5 hours in order to overcome peaks in power consumption.
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. Method for generating electrical energy in an installation (11) combining on the one hand a steam boiler (1) comprising an economizer (8), a steam generator (9), one or more superheater exchangers (10, 101) , a steam turbine (2), vapor withdrawals (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e), and secondly a compressed air energy storage and return unit (12) comprising a air compression (4a, 4b, 4c), a storage device (5) for compressed air, an air turbine (6a, 6b, 6c), and a set of heat exchangers (7a, 7b, 7c) ), characterized in that, in the compression phase of the compressed air, all or part of the heat released by the compression of the air is substituted for the heat taken by the vapor withdrawals (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3rd) of the steam turbine (2), and in that in the expansion phase of the compressed air, it is heated by means of hot water and / or steam from the boiler. e to steam (1).
    [0002]
    2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that, during the compression phase of the air, the heat resulting from the compression of the air is transferred to the condensates from the steam turbine (2) by means of the heat exchangers (7a, 7b, 7c).
    [0003]
    3. Method according to claim 1 for which the compression of the air is carried out during the phases of low demand of the electrical network, characterized in that, during the compression phase of the air, all or part of the electrical energy produced the steam turbine (2) is used by the air compressor (4) to keep the steam boiler (1) and the steam turbine (2) in operation.
    [0004]
    4. Method according to claim 1 for which the expansion of the air is carried out during the phases of high demand of the electrical network, characterized in that the overall electrical production of the installation (11) is greater than that of the only turbine steam engine (2) operating at rated speed.
    [0005]
    5. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that, during the expansion phase of the air, the hot water used to heat the compressed air comes from the steam generator (9) and / or the economizer (8). ).
    [0006]
    6. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that, during the expansion phase of the air, the steam used to heat the compressed air comes from one or more superheater exchangers (10, 101).
    [0007]
    7. Device for generating electrical energy according to the method described in the preceding claims in an installation (11) associating on the one hand a steam boiler (1) comprising an economizer (8), a steam generator (9), a or several superheater exchangers (10, 101), a steam turbine (2), vapor withdrawals (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e), and secondly a storage unit and energy recovery by compressed air (12) comprising an air compression device (4a, 4b, 4c), a storage device (5) for compressed air, an air turbine (6a, 6b, 6c), and a set of heat exchanger (7a, 7b, 7c), characterized in that it comprises connections located outside the steam generator (9) and the steam turbine (2) to perform all the water sampling and / or steam without requiring addition of exchanger in the steam generator (9) and / or additional stitching in the steam turbine (2).
    [0008]
    8. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the steam boiler (1) is dimensioned to supply the steam turbine (2) nominally and to provide the calories necessary for heating the compressed air in the heat exchangers (7a, 7b, 7c) .25
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FR3016025B1|2015-12-25|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US4100745A|1976-03-15|1978-07-18|Bbc Brown Boveri & Company Limited|Thermal power plant with compressed air storage|
    US4347706A|1981-01-07|1982-09-07|The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy|Electric power generating plant having direct coupled steam and compressed air cycles|
    SU1084473A2|1982-02-08|1984-04-07|Саратовский Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Политехнический Институт|Method of producing peak electric energy on steam-gas plant|CN105509022A|2015-12-17|2016-04-20|天壕环境股份有限公司|Hybrid electricity generation system|
    CN106066030A|2016-07-19|2016-11-02|卢敏|A kind of energy-efficient electricity generation system of UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN|
    FR3051512A1|2016-05-23|2017-11-24|Suncnim|SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING HEAT ENERGY WITH AT LEAST ONE HEAT ENERGY STORAGE STORAGE VAPOR BATTERY FROM A SOLAR INSTALLATION|
    WO2018072897A1|2016-10-20|2018-04-26|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft|Waste heat power plant with stepwise heat supply|
    CN113202586A|2021-06-09|2021-08-03|中国科学院理化技术研究所|Liquid air energy storage power generation system jointly operated with thermal power plant|
    法律状态:
    2015-12-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2016-11-21| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2017-11-21| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2018-11-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    2019-11-20| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    2020-11-20| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 8 |
    2021-11-18| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 9 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1363693A|FR3016025B1|2013-12-30|2013-12-30|COMBINATION OF A COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE UNIT AND A THERMAL POWER PLANT|FR1363693A| FR3016025B1|2013-12-30|2013-12-30|COMBINATION OF A COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE UNIT AND A THERMAL POWER PLANT|
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